Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition.
(affectionately known as J2ME)
That's a stripped-down Java environment that many feature phones (read: nice flip phones from a while ago and awful knockoff phones today) have support for. More specifically, we're talking about the
MIDP (
Mobile
Information
Device
Profile). The vision there was to make adding value-added features (think tip calculators and
Mobile Banking) easier than writing them in C running directly on the OS.
A whole vibrant ecosystem sprung up! Running software? On your phone? Crazy idea. It'll never take off. These apps, called MIDlets (as in Java app
lets for
Mobile
Internet
Devices) ranged from useful, to bizarre, to downright unreasonable. Phone apps were a thing before, but developers had to target specific handset lines and users couldn't generally install software that didn't carry the blessing of their carriers
*. J2ME was
standard, meaning an app written for one phone actually had a shot at running on another (There Were Problems With That, but it was more or less compatible-ish). A good chunk of the market was "pay your carrier an unreasonable amount of money to install an app off their app store", but there were also a bunch of sites where you could download free apps and games and just put them on your cell phone! (one of them coincidentally looked a lot like the website you're looking at now :-P) Basically every game under the sun had a port, from Plants vs. Zombies to AoE II to CoD: Modern Warfare to Elder Scrolls Oblivion. I want to keep listing these as a bit because they sound like I'm making them up, but instead I'll let you
scroll through a list and laugh. A lot of them are absolutely bonkers adaptations to fit within platform limitations: What if Wolfenstein 3D was an RPG? What if Jet Set Radio was a typing game?